Answer :
Final answer:
The basis for detaining a subject is probable cause, which is a reasonable belief that a crime has been committed or is about to be committed. Reasonable suspicion is a lower standard, allowing police to stop and frisk a person on the street based on a reasonable suspicion of criminal activity. Therefore, the correct option is 1) Probable cause.
Explanation:
The basis for detaining a subject is probable cause, which is the standard used when judges issue warrants or when police operate in exigent circumstances. Probable cause is a reasonable belief that a crime has been committed or is about to be committed, based on significant facts. It requires more than just a suspicion or hunch. For example, if an officer sees a person breaking into a car, that would be considered probable cause to detain the subject.
Reasonable suspicion, on the other hand, is a lower standard than probable cause. It allows police to stop and frisk a person on the street if they have a reasonable suspicion that the person has committed a crime, is in the process of committing a crime, or is about to commit a crime. Unlike probable cause, reasonable suspicion does not require as much evidence or certainty.
Other standards such as beyond a reasonable doubt and preponderance of the evidence are used in the context of a trial, rather than for detaining a subject. Beyond a reasonable doubt is the standard used to determine guilt or innocence in a criminal trial, requiring the jury to have no reasonable doubts about the defendant's guilt. Preponderance of the evidence is the standard used in civil cases, where the evidence is weighed to determine which side is more likely to be true.
