Answer :
Final answer:
Apoptosis is essential in normal development, such as digit separation, through cell signaling that initiates cell death, and it also plays a role in preventing autoimmune diseases by eliminating defective T-cells. Dysfunction in apoptosis can lead to degenerative diseases due to tissue overgrowth.
Explanation:
Role of Apoptosis in Development and Diseases
Apoptosis plays a crucial role in both the normal development of vertebrates and in the progression of degenerative diseases. During embryological development, apoptosis is responsible for the removal of unnecessary cells, such as the web-like tissue that forms between digits, allowing for the proper formation of separated fingers and toes. This process involves cell signaling mechanisms that activate apoptosis to systematically eliminate these cells. Furthermore, apoptosis is important in the immune system, for instance, in the development of T-cells, to ensure the elimination of cells that could potentially mount an autoimmune response. If apoptosis is dysfunctional, it can result in overgrowth of tissues, seen in various degenerative diseases, and can lead to serious implications like malformation and impaired function of organs.
