Answer :
Final answer:
The Hardy-Weinberg model is the model in question, which predicts allele frequencies across generations, and genotype frequencies from these allele frequencies. It describes genetic equilibrium in a population, provided certain conditions are met, and serves a useful tool in population genetics.
Explanation:
The model which predicts allele frequencies across generations and genotype frequencies from allele frequencies is the Hardy-Weinberg model. This model describes how a population can maintain genetic equilibrium, meaning there is no evolution occurring and allele frequencies remain stable across generations. A mathematical formula is applied for this prediction, assuming certain conditions such as random mating and no evolutionary forces at play.
It serves as a tool in population genetics, a science that focuses on the evolutionary forces shaping allele frequencies.
The Hardy-Weinberg equation used in this model allows the prediction of genotypes' frequencies as well. This is particularly significant in understanding genetic structure of a population, since each individual carries two alleles per gene. For instance, if we have two possible alleles p and q, the genotype frequency would be calculated as: p² for pp individuals, 2pq for pq, and q² for qq. The sum of these frequencies equals one (p² + 2pq+q² = 1).
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