Answer :
Final answer:
Degenerative disk disease affects the intervertebral discs, characterized by damage to both the anulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus, leading to reduced shock absorption and elasticity.
Explanation:
Degenerative disk disease to the vertebrae is characterized by damage to the intervertebral discs between the vertebrae. These discs are composed of a fibrous outer layer called the anulus fibrosus and a gel-like center known as the nucleus pulposus.
Over time, the nucleus pulposus can harden and become less elastic, leading to a diminished ability to absorb shocks, which is a hallmark of degenerative disk disease. The intervertebral discs serve critical functions such as allowing for movement of the spine, acting as a cushion to absorb shocks from daily activities like walking and running, and binding the vertebrae together.
