Answer :
Final answer:
Brain plasticity refers to the brain's ability to adapt and change throughout a person's lifetime via various mechanisms, including neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, both crucial for learning and memory. Synaptic plasticity is the capacity of synapses to strengthen or weaken over time.
Explanation:
The phrase 'brain plasticity' refers to the remarkable ability of the human brain to change and adapt over time according to experience, in response to injury, or as part of developmental processes. The main mechanisms through which neuroplasticity occurs include the creation of new synapses, synaptic pruning, changes in glial cells, and neurogenesis, the latter of which refers to the birth of new neurons (a process that, contrary to what was once believed, continues throughout adulthood). This capability allows the formation of memories and the integration of new information into existing structures.
Another crucial concept related to brain plasticity is synaptic plasticity. This involves the ability of synapses, the point of communication between neurons, to strengthen or weaken over time in response to increases or decreases in activity. Synaptic plasticity plays a fundamental role in learning and memory and is the premise of powerful processes such as long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD).
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