Consider the case where we are controlling pressure in a tank. The tank has an inlet valve, an outlet valve, and a safety valve. The BPCS manipulates the inlet valve to keep pressure within acceptable values, and a SIS is also used.

1) Describe the operation of the BPCS prior to the SIS and the operation of the SIS.

2) Describe the benefits of a certified safety PLC in the application, including both hardware and software features.

In the operation of the BPCS (Basic Process Control System), its primary objective is to maintain the pressure within acceptable values in the tank. It does this by manipulating the inlet valve, which regulates the flow of fluid into the tank. The BPCS continuously monitors the pressure and adjusts the valve opening accordingly to keep the pressure within the desired range.

By actively controlling the inlet valve, the BPCS ensures that the pressure remains at safe levels, preventing any potential hazards or equipment malfunctions.

On the other hand, the SIS (Safety Instrumented System) is an independent layer of protection that operates separately from the BPCS. Its purpose is to provide additional safety measures in case the pressure exceeds the acceptable limits or if there is a failure in the BPCS. The SIS is designed to respond to hazardous situations and take appropriate actions to mitigate risks. It typically consists of sensors, logic solvers, and final control elements.

When the SIS detects a pressure abnormality, such as an overpressure condition, it activates the safety valve. The safety valve is designed to rapidly release fluid from the tank, relieving the excess pressure and preventing catastrophic failures. The SIS continuously monitors the pressure and ensures the safety valve operates effectively to protect the system and personnel.

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