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------------------------------------------------ Compare the overpressure protection devices: pressure relief valves, fire relief valves, and vacuum relief valves.

Provide 5 points under each valve and make a comparative analysis.

Subject: Process plant safety

Pressure Relief Valves:
1. Purpose: Pressure relief valves are designed to protect equipment and piping systems from overpressure by relieving excess pressure.

2. Activation: They open when the pressure inside the system exceeds a predetermined setpoint.
3. Function: Pressure relief valves allow excess pressure to escape, preventing damage to the system or equipment.
4. Applications: They are commonly used in process plants, refineries, and industrial facilities to protect vessels, pipelines, and other equipment.
5. Set Pressure: Pressure relief valves have a set pressure, which is the pressure at which they open and start relieving excess pressure.
Fire Relief Valves:
1. Purpose: Fire relief valves are specifically designed to protect storage tanks from the thermal effects of a fire by relieving the pressure generated during a fire event.
2. Activation: They open when exposed to high temperatures, typically above a specified setpoint.
3. Function: Fire relief valves help prevent catastrophic failure of storage tanks by releasing pressure and preventing rupture due to thermal expansion.
4. Applications: Fire relief valves are commonly used in industries that handle flammable liquids or gases, such as petrochemical plants and oil refineries.
5. Thermal Activation: Fire relief valves are activated by the heat generated during a fire, which causes the valve to open and release pressure.
Vacuum Relief Valves:
1. Purpose: Vacuum relief valves are used to protect tanks and vessels from collapsing due to vacuum conditions.
2. Activation: They open when the pressure inside the tank or vessel drops below a certain setpoint, creating a vacuum.
3. Function: Vacuum relief valves allow air to enter the tank or vessel, equalizing the pressure and preventing collapse.
4. Applications: Vacuum relief valves are commonly used in storage tanks, piping systems, and other equipment that can experience vacuum conditions.
5. Vacuum Activation: Vacuum relief valves are activated when the pressure inside the tank or vessel drops below the setpoint, causing the valve to open and allow air to enter.

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