Answer :
The affine transformation is most spatially accurate for transforming orthographic images between Cartesian systems, as it adjusts for differences in scale, rotation, and translation across both dimensions, and is further complemented by the selection of suitable map projections.
When considering the transformation of an orthographic image from one Cartesian system to another, the affine transformation is often the most spatially accurate choice. This transformation allows for adjustments in scale, rotation, and offset along both dimensions of the source and target coordinate systems, making it particularly useful for complex scenarios such as image data from polar-orbiting satellites or in the case of paper maps that may distort due to changes in humidity.
Furthermore, understanding the properties of various map projections like the Transverse Mercator or Lambert Conic Conformal, can further enhance the accuracy of spatial data transformation, as they are tailored for specific regions and purposes, and help in minimizing distortion based on geographical context.
