Answer :
Final answer:
Confucians transplanted their tradition to the U.S. by establishing communities that promoted Confucian principles, adapting their beliefs to align with American values. While they emphasized moral education and social responsibility, they did not adopt a monastic tradition that distanced themselves from the Five Relationships. The statement about Neo-Confucianism encouraging withdrawal from these relationships is incorrect.
Explanation:
Confucianism's Transplantation to the United States
Confucians transplanted their tradition to the United States primarily during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, facilitated by the wave of immigration from China and other East Asian countries. They established communities where Confucian principles of moral education, family values, and social harmony were promoted through schools, cultural associations, and temples.
Transformation of Beliefs and Practices
In adapting to the American cultural landscape, Confucians transformed their beliefs and practices in various ways:
- Integration with American Values: Confucian ethics, such as the importance of education and community service, resonated with American ideals, allowing for a blending of philosophies.
- Contextualization of Rituals: Traditional rituals were adapted to fit the new social environment, emphasizing respect for education and family while minimizing aspects that seemed foreign to American sensibilities.
- Emphasis on Social Responsibility: The Confucian focus on moral cultivation and social harmony found a new voice, aligning with various social justice movements within the United States, such as civil rights and community service initiatives.
As for Neo-Confucianism, it did not introduce a monastic tradition akin to that of Buddhism and Daoism aimed at individual withdrawal from society and selfless work for social good. Instead, traditional Confucianism, and later Neo-Confucianism, maintained a strong emphasis on social relationships within the Five Relationships framework, which includes the dynamics between ruler and subject, parent and child, and husband and wife. Therefore, the statement asserting that Neo-Confucianism encourages individuals to remove themselves from the Five Relationships is False.
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