Answer :
Carbon cycles into soil through the process of photosynthesis, where plants absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide and convert it into organic compounds through photosynthesis.
These compounds are then transported to the roots and deposited in the soil as plant residues or root exudates. Around the soil, carbon moves through various processes such as decomposition, where soil microorganisms break down organic matter, releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Additionally, carbon can be stored in the soil as stable organic matter, known as humus, through processes like aggregation and stabilization. Vegetation plays a crucial role in this process by capturing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and transferring it to the soil through litterfall, root turnover, and interactions with soil microorganisms.
Soil plays a vital role in the carbon cycle as a major reservoir of carbon. It stores a substantial amount of carbon, estimated to be two to three times greater than the carbon present in the atmosphere and vegetation combined. Soil serves as a sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide, sequestering it in the form of organic matter and minerals. Through processes like photosynthesis, plant residues, and root exudation, carbon is introduced into the soil. It can remain stored for varying periods, ranging from several years to centuries, depending on factors like soil type, climate, and management practices. Soil carbon is essential for maintaining soil fertility, nutrient cycling, and water holding capacity, influencing ecosystem productivity and resilience.
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