Answer :
Final answer:
The eight primary emotions are happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, disgust, contempt, and shame. These emotions are universally expressed and are associated with distinctive facial expressions. They are considered primary, as they are thought to be innately present in humans.
Explanation:
The eight primary emotions that are universally expressed across differing cultures and societies, based on research in psychology, are as follows: happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, disgust, contempt, and shame.
These emotions are considered primary as they are thought to be innate and hardwired into our neural circuits as a part of human evolution. Emotional expression, which involves these primary emotions, refers to the way one displays an emotion and includes nonverbal and verbal behaviors. The specificity of these basic emotions is evident in their corresponding distinctive facial expressions. As research by psychologist Paul Ekman revealed, even blind individuals display the same facial expression corresponding to these emotions, indicating an inherent capacity for emotional expression.
Apart from the subjective experience of these emotions, there are also associated psychological and physiological responses that go hand in hand with each emotion. For instance, fear can cause an increase in heart rate, and happiness might result in a more relaxed physical state.
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