Any cyber incident investigation should result in the following, EXCEPT:

a. To have a prejudice of the causes and consequences of a cyber incident.

b. Updates to technical and procedural protection measures to prevent a recurrence.

c. Identification of lessons learned, including improvements in training to increase awareness.

d. Better understanding of the potential cyber risks facing the industry both on board and ashore.

Answer :

In the context of cyber incident investigations, which are comprehensive analyses conducted following a cybersecurity breach or related incident, the primary objectives include understanding the incident thoroughly, improving future security measures, and increasing awareness among relevant stakeholders.

For the given multiple-choice question, the statement that does not result from a well-conducted cyber incident investigation is:

a. to have a prejudice of the causes and consequences of a cyber incident

This is because an investigation aims to remain unbiased and objective. It focuses on fact-finding and evidence-gathering rather than forming prejudiced views which could impede objective understanding and resolution.

Let's break down the other options to understand why they are valid outcomes of a cyber incident investigation:

b. Updates to technical and procedural protection measures to prevent a recurrence: After analyzing a cyber incident, organizations often identify vulnerabilities that were exploited and update their defenses accordingly to prevent similar incidents in the future.

c. Identification of lessons learned, including improvements in training to increase awareness: An important outcome of the investigation is recognizing the areas where improvement is needed whether in technical defenses or user education, leading to enhanced cybersecurity training and heightened awareness among personnel.

d. Better understanding of the potential cyber risks facing the industry both on board and ashore: Through the investigation, organizations gain deeper insight into existing and emerging threats, helping them adapt and prepare more effectively against these risks.

In summary, excluding option (a) about prejudiced views aligns with the goal of conducting a thorough, objective investigation aimed at improving cybersecurity resilience and awareness.