Answer :
Final answer:
The Ankle Brachial Index is a screening test used to assess a person's risk for Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD), a condition that narrows arteries and restricts blood flow. Major risk factors for PAD include smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol, with atherosclerosis being the common underlying mechanism.
Explanation:
The Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) is a screening test used to assess a person's risk for Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD). This non-invasive test compares the blood pressure readings at the ankle with those at the upper arm. A lower blood pressure at the ankle, as compared to the upper arm, is indicative of PAD. This condition is significant as it narrows the arteries and reduces blood flow to the limbs, primarily affecting the legs.
Major risk factors for PAD include smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure, and high blood cholesterol. The underlying mechanism leading to PAD is usually atherosclerosis, the buildup of fatty deposits inside the arteries. Early diagnosis and treatment of PAD are crucial to prevent severe complications such as heart attack, stroke, and even limb amputation.
