An atom is made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The protons carry a positive charge and, along with neutrons, make up the nucleus of an atom. Neutrons do not carry a charge. The electrons carry a negative charge and orbit the nucleus. Atoms have no net charge, meaning they must have the same number of protons and electrons.

A partial model of a nitrogen atom is shown.

1. How many electrons should be drawn on the model of a nitrogen atom so that it has the same number of protons and electrons?

2. How did you know?

3. Complete the model of the nitrogen atom by drawing in the electrons.

4. Write a number sentence to represent the sum of the number of protons and electrons in a nitrogen atom.

5. Use a number line to show the sum of the number of protons and electrons in the nitrogen atom.

A nitrogen atom has an atomic number of 7, which indicates the number of protons in its nucleus. Since atoms are neutral and have no overall positive or negative charge, they must have an equal number of protons and electrons.

To complete the model of a nitrogen atom, we need to draw 7 electrons orbiting the nucleus. This is because the number of protons (7) should be equal to the number of electrons for the atom to maintain electrical neutrality.

The number sentence representing the sum of the number of protons and electrons in a nitrogen atom is 7 + 7 = 14. This equation indicates that there are 7 protons and 7 electrons in the nitrogen atom, resulting in a total of 14 particles.

A number line can visually represent this equation, with 7 units for protons on one side and 7 units for electrons on the other side, both adding up to 14 units.

Therefore, a complete model of a nitrogen atom would have 7 electrons, matching the number of protons, and the sum of the number of protons and electrons is 14.

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