Answer :
Final answer:
To prepare carboxylic acids, useful methods include oxidation of primary alcohols, hydrolysis of nitriles, and reaction of Grignard reagents with dry CO₂. However, the reduction of ketones is ineffective for this purpose as it yields alcohols instead. Thus, option d is the correct answer as it does not lead to carboxylic acids.
Explanation:
Understanding Carboxylic Acid Preparation
In the context of preparing carboxylic acids, we have several methods available. However, among the options presented, one method stands out as unsuitable.
- Oxidation of primary alcohols using CrO3 in aqueous acid: This method effectively converts a primary alcohol to a carboxylic acid. The oxidation process increases the oxidation state of the carbon, resulting in the addition of a carboxyl group.
- Hydrolysis of nitriles: This method is also valid for preparing carboxylic acids. Nitriles can be hydrolyzed in acidic or basic conditions to yield the corresponding carboxylic acid.
- Reaction of Grignard reagent with dry CO₂: This is an effective way to generate carboxylic acids, as Grignard reagents react well with carbon dioxide to introduce a carboxyl group.
- Reduction of ketones: This method is ineffective for preparing carboxylic acids. Reducing a ketone will yield an alcohol, not a carboxylic acid, thereby making it the outlier in this context.
In conclusion, the answer is d. reduction of ketones. This method does not produce carboxylic acids, unlike the other options available.
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