Answer :
Option c is correct. The correct answer is c. An increase in carbon dioxide is detected by both central and peripheral chemoreceptors after a person hypoventilates, such as by holding their breath.
After a person hypoventilates, such as by holding their breath, an increase in carbon dioxide and a corresponding rise in hydrogen ion concentration (which leads to a decrease in pH) can be detected by both central and peripheral chemoreceptors. Hypoventilation leads to a buildup of carbon dioxide because it is not being expelled efficiently during respiration.
This increase in carbon dioxide is sensed by central chemoreceptors located in the brain and brainstem, which promote increased respiratory rate and depth to expel more carbon dioxide.
At the same time, peripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid arteries and aortic arch respond to significant drops in oxygen or rises in carbon dioxide by similarly stimulating the respiratory centers to increase respiration rate and depth. Option c is correct.
