Answer :
Final answer:
The classical pathway is the complement pathway that results in cell membrane lysis, chemotaxis, opsonization, and inflammation, and it is dependent on antibodies bound to pathogens, which is integral to the adaptive immune response. The correct option is A.
Explanation:
The activation of the complement pathway which results in target cell membrane lysis, chemotaxis, opsonization, and inflammation is known as the classical pathway. This pathway is initiated when antibodies attached to the surface of a pathogen activate the complement system.
The classical pathway requires the presence of antibody bound to antigen, indicating its dependency on the adaptive immune response. In this process, several initial complement proteins attach to antibody-bound pathogens leading to rapid activation and the formation of the membrane-attack complex (MAC) which disrupts the osmotic balance and causes cell lysis.
It also involves the generation of smaller complement fragments that act as chemotactic agents to attract phagocytic cells like macrophages and neutrophils to the infection site.
These cells are further assisted in their function by the opsonization of pathogens through surface-bound C3b, a product of the complement cascade, which facilitates phagocytosis and destruction of the pathogens.
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