Answer :
Final answer:
According to Erikson, in the third developmental stage, the negative outcome is guilt rather than shame, which is associated with the second stage of Erikson's eight stages of psychosocial development. which corresponds to option b. guilt; shame
Explanation:
According to Erikson, the negative side of crisis in the third developmental stage is guilt, not shame. The third stage, described in Erikson's eight stages of psychosocial development, is initiative vs. guilt, which typically occurs during the preschool years, around ages 3 to 5. During this phase, children begin to assert their power and control over the world through directing play and other social interactions. If a child is successful at this stage, they develop a sense of initiative, whereas failure results in a sense of guilt. This stage follows the second stage, which is autonomy vs. shame and doubt, where toddlers work on gaining a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence. therefore the correct option is b. guilt; shame.
