Answer :
According to Castro and Sujak, heteronormative practices at school can lead to internalized homophobia, discrimination and violence, perceived stigmatization for non-heterosexual students. Thus, correct option is 4) all of these.
Castro and Sujak argue that heteronormative practices in schools can have detrimental effects on non-heterosexual students.
Internalized homophobia: Heteronormative environments may lead non-heterosexual students to internalize negative attitudes and beliefs about their own sexual orientation, resulting in feelings of shame or self-hatred.
Discrimination and violence: Non-heterosexual students may face discrimination and violence from their peers or even teachers due to the perpetuation of heteronormative norms, leading to negative experiences and harm.
Perceived stigmatization: Heteronormative practices can create an atmosphere where non-heterosexual students feel stigmatized or marginalized, impacting their sense of belonging and well-being within the school community.
Therefore, 4) all of these is the correct answer.
