Answer :
a vertical stress of 100 kpa is applied to a saturated clay, the excess pore water pressure when time approaches infinity is 0 kpa. The correct option is A. 0 kPa.
When a vertical stress is applied to a saturated clay, the soil particles get compressed, and the water within the soil pores also experiences an increase in pressure. This additional pressure exerted by the water is called "excess pore water pressure."
During the consolidation process, the water trapped in the soil pores slowly dissipates over time due to the permeability of the soil. As water drains out of the pores, the excess pore water pressure decreases until it reaches zero. This process occurs because the water can flow through the interconnected pores in the soil.
In the case of a vertical stress of 100 kPa applied to a saturated clay, initially, there will be an increase in pore water pressure due to the compression of the soil and the corresponding increase in water pressure. However, as time progresses, the water will gradually flow out of the pores, allowing the excess pore water pressure to decrease. Eventually, after a sufficient amount of time has passed (approaching infinity), the consolidation process will be complete, and the excess pore water pressure will become zero.
This is a fundamental behavior in saturated clay soils undergoing consolidation due to applied vertical stresses. The excess pore water pressure dissipates as the soil adjusts over time, ultimately leading to a state where the soil is fully compressed and the water pressure returns to its original equilibrium state.
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