High School

A sample of 6.50 g of liquid 1‑propanol, \( \text{C}_3\text{H}_8\text{O} \), is combusted with 37.1 g of oxygen gas. Carbon dioxide and water are the products.

1. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction. (Physical states are optional.)
2. Identify the limiting reactant.

Answer :

Final answer:

The balanced chemical formula for the combustion of 1-propanol is: C₃H₈O + 6O₂ → 3CO₂ + 4H₂O. The molar mass calculations show that there are fewer moles of oxygen than needed based on the stoichiometry, hence oxygen is the limiting reactant.

Explanation:

The balanced chemical formula for the combustion of 1-propanol is: C₃H₈O + 6O₂ → 3CO₂ + 4H₂O. This indicates 1 mole of 1-propanol reacts with 6 moles of oxygen to yield 3 moles of carbon dioxide and 4 moles of water. Using the stoichiometry of the reaction, we can determine the limiting reactant. The molar mass of 1‑propanol is about 60.1 g/mol and that of oxygen is 32 g/mol. Thus, we have 6.50/60.1 ≈ 0.108 moles of 1-propanol and 37.1/32 ≈ 1.16 moles of oxygen. Because we need 6 moles of oxygen for every mole of 1-propanol, and we have less than that (1.16 / 0.108 ≈ 10.7), oxygen is the limiting reactant in this reaction.

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