A researcher designs an intervention to combat homophobia. She also designs a questionnaire to measure homophobia so she can test the participants' level of homophobia before and after the intervention. She tests one version of her questionnaire with 45 statements and a shorter version with 12 statements.

What is the purpose of the questionnaire in the researcher's study?

1. To measure the participants' level of homophobia before and after the intervention.
2. To assess the effectiveness of the intervention in combating homophobia.
3. To compare the results of the longer questionnaire with the shorter questionnaire.
4. To determine the participants' gender and age demographics.