Answer :
Final answer:
Without the Memory Access Time and Page Fault Service Time, we cannot compute the exact effective memory access time. The formula requires these inputs plus the provided page fault rate to yield a result which would be one of the multiple-choice answers.
Explanation:
To calculate the effective memory access time for a paging system with a page fault rate of 1 in 1-million-page references, you use the following formula:
Effective Memory Access Time (EMAT) = (1 - Page Fault Rate) * Memory Access Time + (Page Fault Rate * Page Fault Service Time)
However, we need the Memory Access Time and Page Fault Service Time to answer this question, which are not provided in the scenario. Usually, these times are given in the question, or you also might find them in a related textbook or lecture notes.
Since these values are missing, we cannot calculate the EMAT exactly. You would typically find these numbers and plug them into the equation to get the correct effective memory access time, which would match one of the multiple-choice options provided.
For example purposes, if we assume the normal memory access time is 100 nanoseconds and the page fault service time is 8 milliseconds (8,000,000 nanoseconds), and we have a 1 in 1-million chance of a page fault, then:
EMAT = (1 - 1/1,000,000) * 100 ns + (1/1,000,000 * 8,000,000 ns) = 100 ns + 8 ns = 108 ns
This would imply an EMAT slightly higher than the largest answer choice provided.
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