A Grignard reagent is a source of carbanions and is a useful species in organic synthesis for generating carbon–carbon bonds. Grignard reagents are named after their founder, Victor Grignard, a French chemist who earned a Nobel Prize in 1912 for this discovery.

In this tutorial, we will explore:

- How to form a Grignard reagent.
- The reactivity of a Grignard reagent.
- The reaction of Grignard reagents with aldehydes and ketones to form alcohols.
- The stereochemistry of a Grignard reaction.
- Retrosynthesis strategies of a Grignard product.

Step 2: A Grignard reagent is strongly basic. The Grignard reagent acts as a source of [tex]$R^-$[/tex] anions, which can act as both a base and a nucleophile. The reaction must be performed in anhydrous conditions, as the presence of water will quench all the Grignard reagents.

\[ \text{(} \text{R-MgBr + H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{R-H + HO-MgBr} \text{)} \]

What other functional groups will be incompatible with a Grignard reagent?

Select the Grignard reagents that contain incompatible functional groups.

A Grignard reagent is a useful tool in organic synthesis for creating carbon-carbon bonds. It is named after Victor Grignard, a French chemist who won the Nobel Prize in 1912 for his discovery.

Grignard reagents act as a source of carbanions, which can serve as bases and nucleophiles.
To form a Grignard reagent, a halide compound (such as an alkyl or aryl halide) is reacted with magnesium metal in anhydrous conditions. The resulting Grignard reagent is strongly basic and should be kept away from water, as it will quench the reagent.

While Grignard reagents are versatile, there are functional groups that are incompatible with them. These include acidic groups like carboxylic acids and acidic hydrogens, as well as groups that can react with the Grignard reagent, such as certain halides and nitriles.It's important to note that the reactivity of Grignard reagents is influenced by factors such as the electronegativity of the attached carbon and steric hindrance.

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