Answer :
Final answer:
The car stops due to (B.) kinetic friction from the ground acting on the tires. A je_rk during stopping typically results from the sudden change from kinetic to static friction, which new drivers might not smoothly transition between. Experienced drivers ease off the brake to avoid this je_rk.
Explanation:
The force that causes the car to stop during the described scenario is kinetic friction from the ground acting on the tires, which is option B. While the car is sliding, the wheels are not turning, so the friction acting on the car is kinetic, not static. Despite the wheels not rotating, the motion of the car relative to the ground results in kinetic friction opposing the slide until the car comes to a stop.
As for the je_rk experienced by new drivers at a stop light, this occurs due to a sudden change from kinetic to static friction. This happens because kinetic friction, which is generally independent of velocity, is less than static friction. If the brakes are applied too suddenly while the car is decelerating, the transition from the kinetic to static friction can cause a je_rking motion.
This point is further elucidated when learning to drive. Experienced drivers know to let up slightly on the brake pedal as the car comes to a complete stop. Doing so allows the transition from kinetic to static friction to occur smoothly, minimizing any je_rks due to the sudden change in frictional force.
Answer: B) Kinetic friction from the ground acting on the tires.
Explanation: When the driver applies the brakes and the parking brake, they are trying to stop the rotation of the wheels. However, this does not mean that the car will stop immediately, because there is still momentum and inertia involved. The car will slide on the ground until the kinetic friction force between the ground and the tires is equal to the net force acting on the car.
Kinetic friction is the force that opposes the relative motion of two surfaces in contact. In this case, the ground is exerting a kinetic friction force on the tires, which is opposite to the direction of the car's motion. This force reduces the car's speed until it comes to a stop.
Static friction is the force that prevents two surfaces from sliding past each other when there is no relative motion. In this case, static friction does not play a role, because the tires are not in contact with the ground when they are not rotating.
