8. A large overhead gantry robot loads and unloads three CNC lathes in an automated cell. The three lathes are dedicated to the mass production of the same part style, so semiautomatic turning cycles are the same: 3.30 min. Assume setup time can be ignored.

The cell includes an automated parts storage unit from which the robot retrieves starting work units and deposits finished parts using a dual gripper. The storage unit has an indexing system that presents starting work units at one position and accepts finished parts at another position.

To perform the loading and unloading sequence for each lathe requires 48 sec of the robot's time; however, only 18 sec of lost production time are experienced by each lathe. The loading and unloading sequence for the three lathes is synchronized, so there is no machine interference.

The tooling of each lathe must be changed once per hour, and this takes 6.0 min, which is lost production time.

Determine:
(a) The average production time for each lathe
(b) The production rate of the cell
(c) The proportion of time that the robot is working

3.30/6.0 x 100% = 55% is the percentage of time that the robot is operating. A manufacturing system called an automated cell comprises of numerous pieces of machinery and equipment.

[a] In order to calculate the average production time for each lathe, we must take into account the length of the turning cycle, the time lost during the loading and unloading process, and the time required for tool changes.

Each cycle takes 4.43 minutes, or 3.30 + 0.8 + 0.33.

(a) Since each lathe has a capacity of 18.18 pieces per hour, the three lathes working together can turn out 54.54 parts per hour.

(c) We must take into account the overall time required for the loading and unloading sequence as well as the time required for the tooling change in order to calculate the percentage of time that the robot is actually functioning.

Each cycle lasts for a total of 3.30 + 2.7 = 6.0 minutes.

So, 3.30/6.0 x 100% = 55% is the percentage of time that the robot is operating.

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