College

5. Leaving a plot of land uncultivated for two to three seasons is referred to as _______________.

6. The quantity of fertilizer applied to crops is determined by _______________.

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**GIVE SHORT ANSWER FOR THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS**

1. **Define the following terms:**
- A. Agriculture
- B. Shifting cultivation
- C. Settled agriculture
- D. Subsistence farming
- E. Domestication

2. **Identify the five major food crops in Ethiopia.**

3. **Provide at least three examples for each of the following classes of crop plants:**
- A. Food crops
- B. Fiber crops
- C. Forage crops
- D. Oil crops
- E. Sugar crops

4. **List the three most important food crops globally.**

5. **Discuss the advantages of mixed cropping.**

6. **Differentiate between C3 and C4 plants, with examples.**

7. **For the following crops, state the origin, average national yield, and indicators for harvesting:**
- A. Teff
- B. Wheat
- C. Maize
- D. Sorghum
- E. Barley

8. **What useful features do hunters and gatherers consider when selecting plants?**

9. **What are two characteristics of primitive agricultural tools?**

10. **Identify two factors that primarily limit yield levels in Ethiopia.**

11. **Agriculture in industrialized regions is classified into three categories; what are they?**

12. **Compare the advantages and disadvantages of broadcast planting versus row planting.**

13. **Is crop rotation synonymous with shifting cultivation? Justify your answer.**

14. **What are the two primary methods of planting?**

15. **Compare and contrast intercropping and relay cropping.**

Answer :

Final answer:

Agriculture involves defining several terms related to farming practices and identifying major food crops. Ethiopia's primary crops include teff, wheat, maize, sorghum, and barley, with various examples provided for food, fiber, forage, oil, and sugar crops. Mixed cropping has advantages like enhancing biodiversity, and there are important distinctions between C3 and C4 plants based on their photosynthesis processes.


Explanation:

Definitions

  1. Agriculture: The science and practice of cultivating soil, growing crops, and raising animals for food, fiber, and other products.
  2. Shifting cultivation: A method of agriculture where land is cleared and used for a few years before being abandoned for new land.
  3. Settled agriculture: A farming system where farmers remain in one location, managing their land sustainably over time.
  4. Subsistence farming: A type of farming where the primary goal is to grow enough food for the farmer's family, with little surplus for sale.
  5. Domestication: The process of adapting wild plants and animals for human use through selective breeding.

Major Food Crops in Ethiopia

The five major food crops in Ethiopia include teff, wheat, maize, sorghum, and barley.

Examples of Crop Plants

  1. Food crops: Wheat, rice, maize.
  2. Fiber crops: Cotton, flax, hemp.
  3. Forage crops: Alfalfa, clover, ryegrass.
  4. Oil crops: Soybean, sunflower, canola.
  5. Sugar crops: Sugarcane, sugar beets, sweet potatoes.

Global Food Crops

The three most important food crops globally are rice, wheat, and maize.

Advantages of Mixed Cropping

Mixed cropping can enhance biodiversity, reduce the risk of crop failure, and optimize resource use.

C3 and C4 Plants

C3 plants use a three-carbon compound in photosynthesis (e.g., wheat, rice), while C4 plants use a four-carbon compound (e.g., maize, sugarcane), adapting to different environmental conditions.

Crop Origin, Yield, and Harvesting Indicators

  1. Teff: Origin - Ethiopia; Average yield - 1.5-3 tons/ha; Indicators - dry leaves, brown color.
  2. Wheat: Origin - Fertile Crescent; Average yield - 2-4 tons/ha; Indicators - hard seeds, yellowish color.
  3. Maize: Origin - Mexico; Average yield - 5-10 tons/ha; Indicators - kernels dried, cobs turning brown.
  4. Sorghum: Origin - Africa; Average yield - 1-2 tons/ha; Indicators - leaves drying, grain color change.
  5. Barley: Origin - Fertile Crescent; Average yield - 2-4 tons/ha; Indicators - husks drying, straw turning yellow.

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