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------------------------------------------------ 13.1 The correct technique must be used during artificial insemination (AI) to minimize the risk of injuring an animal.

Below are the steps that should be followed when artificial insemination is done. Re-arrange the steps in the correct order to ensure that the process is carried out well:

1. A cow is sheltered and kept calm.
2. Excess faecal matter is removed.
3. The inseminator feels for abnormalities and whether the cow is not already pregnant by inserting the hand into the rectum.
4. The pistolette is guided through the vulva, vagina to the cervix.

13.2 State TWO disadvantages of artificial insemination for the farmer.

Artificial Insemination (AI) is a widely used technique in animal breeding to facilitate reproduction using human intervention. In the context of cattle, it involves a series of steps that need to be performed in the correct order to ensure the procedure is safe and effective.

13.1 Correct Order of Steps for Artificial Insemination:

A cow is sheltered and kept calm.
- Ensuring the animal is calm reduces stress and prevents injury to both the cow and the inseminator.
Excess faecal matter is removed.
- This step is necessary for cleanliness and to make the examination easier and more accurate.
The inseminator feels for abnormalities and whether the cow is not already pregnant by inserting the hand into the rectum.
- This step helps ensure the cow is ready for insemination and not already pregnant.
The pistolette is guided through the vulva, vagina to the cervix.
- Finally, the actual insemination takes place with the careful insertion of the pistolette to deposit the semen.

13.2 TWO Disadvantages of Artificial Insemination for the Farmer:

Cost:
- AI can be more expensive initially compared to natural breeding due to the need for specialized equipment and trained personnel.
Technical Skill Requirement:
- It requires skilled inseminators to perform the procedure correctly, and improper technique can lead to failure in conception or injury to the animal.

In conclusion, while AI is a beneficial tool in agriculture, it comes with a need for careful technique and initial investment, which farmers must consider.