1. Why is the Indus Valley Civilisation also called the Harappan Civilisation?
2. Why is the discovery of the Indus Valley Civilisation regarded as a landmark in Indian history?
3. What was Charles Masson's conclusion on the huge mounds that he saw in Sahiwal district of Punjab?
4. Name the Indian archaeologists who are credited with the discovery of Harappa and Mohenjodaro.
5. Name any two archaeological sources that have been used to reconstruct the history of the Indus Valley Civilisation.

The Indus Valley Civilisation is also called the Harappan Civilisation because one of its first and most significant sites to be excavated was Harappa. The term emphasizes the importance of the Harappa site in early studies of the civilization.
The discovery of the Indus Valley Civilisation is regarded as a landmark in Indian history because it was one of the earliest urban civilizations in the region, dating back to about 2500 BCE. It revealed a sophisticated society with advanced urban planning, architecture, and social organization, which redefined the understanding of ancient Indian history and its development.
Charles Masson, a traveler and explorer in the 19th century, observed large mounds in the Sahiwal district of Punjab (then a part of British India). He correctly speculated that these mounds were ancient ruins, but it wasn’t until later that these were identified as part of the Indus Valley Civilisation.
The Indian archaeologists credited with the discovery of Harappa and Mohenjodaro are Daya Ram Sahni and Rakhal Das Banerji, respectively. Their work in the 1920s led to the uncovering of these major historic sites.
Two archaeological sources that have been used to reconstruct the history of the Indus Valley Civilisation include artifacts such as pottery, tools, and seals, and structural remains like buildings, streets, and drainage systems. These findings help archaeologists and historians piece together the daily life, trade, and culture of the civilization.