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------------------------------------------------ 1.
a) Provide the classification (from kingdom to species) of two major insect pests of coffee.
b) What damage does each of the insect pests above cause?

2.
a) What is Integrated Pest Management?
b) State six principles of Integrated Pest Management.
c) List two domains of the social concept of Integrated Pest Management.

3.
a) What is Agro-ecosystem analysis?
b) State the three stages in the activity of Agro-ecosystem analysis.
c) Explain three benefits of Agro-ecosystem analysis to farmers.

4.
a) Mention five types of pesticides in Ghana.
b) List four classes of chemicals used for insect pest and vector control.
c) Apart from insecticide resistance, state two problems associated with chemical control of insect pests.
d) Briefly explain three types of insecticide resistance.

Answer :

Final answer:

The response covers classifications of two major coffee insect pests, their damage, and provides insights into Integrated Pest Management, Agro-ecosystem analysis, pesticide types, and associated challenges in pest control. It details principles and benefits of integrated methods and explains insecticide resistance and its implications. The information aims to enhance understanding of pest management in agriculture.


Explanation:

1. a) Classification of Major Insect Pests of Coffee

Two significant insect pests of coffee are:

  • Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus hampei)

Classification:

  1. Kingdom: Animalia
  2. Phylum: Arthropoda
  3. Class: Insecta
  4. Order: Coleoptera
  5. Family: Scolytidae
  6. Genus: Hypothenemus
  7. Species: H. hampei
  • Coffee Leaf Miner (Leucoptera coffeella)

Classification:

  1. Kingdom: Animalia
  2. Phylum: Arthropoda
  3. Class: Insecta
  4. Order: Lepidoptera
  5. Family: Lyonetiidae
  6. Genus: Leucoptera
  7. Species: L. coffeella

b) Damage Caused by These Insects

The Coffee Berry Borer causes significant damage by burrowing into coffee berries, leading to reduced yield and quality of coffee. The Coffee Leaf Miner damages the leaves by creating mines that inhibit photosynthesis, leading to weakened plants and decreased productivity.

2. a) What is Integrated Pest Management?

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an ecological approach to managing pest populations by combining various strategies and practices to minimize reliance on chemical pesticides. It focuses on long-term prevention and management of pests through a combination of biological, cultural, physical, and chemical methods.

b) Principles of Integrated Pest Management

  1. Identification of pests and beneficial organisms.
  2. Monitoring pest populations and assessing damage.
  3. Setting action thresholds for intervention.
  4. Implementing a combination of control techniques.
  5. Prioritizing environmentally friendly practices.
  6. Evaluating the effectiveness of pest management strategies.

c) Domains of the Social Concept of Integrated Pest Management

  • Community involvement in pest management decisions.
  • Educational outreach to build awareness of pest management practices.

3. a) What is Agro-ecosystem Analysis?

Agro-ecosystem analysis is a process used to evaluate agricultural systems and their interactions with the environment, focusing on the integration of crops, soil, water, climate, and socio-economic factors.

b) Stages in Agro-ecosystem Analysis

  1. Assessment of the agro-ecosystem's current state.
  2. Analysis of problems and constraints within the system.
  3. Development of strategies to enhance sustainability and productivity.

c) Benefits of Agro-ecosystem Analysis to Farmers

  1. Improved understanding of ecosystem interactions and biodiversity.
  2. Enhanced decision-making for resource management.
  3. Increased efficiency and profitability in agricultural practices.

4. a) Types of Pesticides in Ghana

  1. Insecticides
  2. Herbicides
  3. Fungicides
  4. Rodenticides
  5. Nematicides

b) Classes of Chemicals Used for Insect Pest Control

  1. Organophosphates
  2. Pyrethroids
  3. Neonicotinoids
  4. Biopesticides

c) Problems Associated with Chemical Control of Insect Pests

  1. Non-target species can be harmed, leading to ecological imbalances.
  2. Development of insecticide resistance in pest populations.

d) Types of Insecticide Resistance

  1. Physiological resistance: Alterations in the pest's metabolic processes.
  2. Behavioral resistance: Changes in feeding or escape behavior.
  3. Target-site resistance: Modifications in the receptors that insecticides target.

Learn more about Integrated Pest Management here:

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