High School

1.1 Give one word or term for each of the following descriptions.

1.1.1 A pair of globular glands that look like a cluster of grapes and which are the largest secondary or accessory sex glands of a bull.

1.1.2 A cause of sterility where an animal has both male and female reproductive organs.

1.1.3 The process whereby eggs are produced by the ovary.

1.1.4 Inability of a male animal to serve the cow though it shows an interest.

1.1.5 Cells lining the seminiferous tubules of the testis that produce the hormone testosterone.

1.1.6 A device that is placed around the lower leg of a cow on heat to detect and record movement.

1.1.7 The main reason for using a chin ball marker for a herd of dairy cattle.

1.1.9 A powerful contraction of the urethra that deposits semen into the vagina of the cow.

1.1.10 The stage of mating where male and female animals are attracted to one another.

1.1.11 The factor in semen analysis (assessing semen quality) that is based on the number of sperm in one milliliter of ejaculate.

1.1.12 The phenomenon where a female of different-sex twins is sterile.

1.1.13 A 3-5 day period after ovulation when estrogen levels drop.

1.1.14 The process during which the nucleus of a female egg cell is removed for nuclear transfer.

1.1.15 The substance used to control the pH in the dilution of semen.

1.1.16 The stage of pregnancy characterized by cell differentiation into tissues, organs, and systems.

1.1.17 The period of pregnancy from fertilization to birth during which the fetus develops inside the mother.

Answer :

1.1.1 Vesicular glands: These are the largest accessory sex glands in bulls, often described as glandular clusters resembling grapes.

1.1.2 Hermaphroditism: This is the condition where an animal possesses both male and female reproductive organs, often leading to sterility.

1.1.3 Oogenesis: The process of producing eggs in the ovary is called oogenesis.

1.1.4 Impotence: Inability of a male animal to successfully mate and serve a cow, despite showing interest, is often referred to as impotence.

1.1.5 Leydig cells: These are the cells lining the seminiferous tubules responsible for producing the hormone testosterone.

1.1.6 Pedometer: A device attached to the lower leg of a cow on heat to detect and record movement related to heat behavior.

1.1.7 Detect estrus: The main reason a chin ball marker is used for a herd of dairy cattle is to identify cows that are in estrus by marking them during mounting behavior.

1.1.9 Ejaculation: This term describes the powerful contraction of the urethra that results in semen being deposited into the vagina during mating.

1.1.10 Courting: The stage of mating where male and female animals are mutually attracted to each other and engage in behavior leading to mating.

1.1.11 Sperm count: This factor in semen analysis measures the number of sperm present in one milliliter of ejaculate and is crucial for evaluating semen quality.

1.1.12 Freemartinism: A condition where the female of mixed-sex twins (usually in cattle) is sterile because of shared placental blood flow leading to suppressed development of the reproductive organs.

1.1.13 Luteal phase: This phase starts after ovulation when estrogen levels decrease and progesterone levels increase, typically over 3-5 days.

1.1.14 Enucleation: This process involves removing the nucleus from a female egg cell, often for purposes like cloning or nuclear transfer.

1.1.15 Buffer: Substances used to control pH levels in the dilution of semen are known as buffers, helping to maintain semen viability.

1.1.16 Organogenesis: The stage of pregnancy where the embryo starts developing specific tissues, organs, and systems.

1.1.17 Gestation: This is the entire period from fertilization until birth during which fetal development takes place within the mother.

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