Answer :
Boutonniere's deformity is a condition that affects the fingers and is characterized by the inability to fully straighten the middle joint of the affected finger.
Here are some additional points about Boutonniere's deformity:
- The condition can be caused by an injury, rheumatoid arthritis, or other conditions that affect the joints.
- The deformity typically presents as a visible bump or swelling at the middle joint of the finger.
- In addition to the physical deformity, patients may experience pain, weakness, or limited range of motion in the affected finger.
- Treatment for Boutonniere's deformity may include splinting, exercises, medication, or surgery depending on the severity and cause of the condition.
This happens when the tendon that attaches to the middle bone of the finger is damaged or torn.
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A Boutonniere's deformity is characterized by the hyperextension of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint and the flexion of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint of a finger.
This deformity typically affects the small joints of the fingers, particularly the middle and ring fingers, and is often caused by injury or rheumatoid arthritis. The name ""boutonnre"" comes from the French word for ""buttonhole,"" as the deformity resembles a finger that has been pushed through a buttonhole.
The pathophysiology of Boutonniere's deformity involves disruption of the central slip of the extensor tendon over the PIP joint, which leads to the loss of extension at this joint. As the deformity progresses, the lateral bands of the extensor tendon mechanism slide around the axis of the PIP joint, causing them to become flexors of the PIP joint rather than extensors. This results in the PIP joint being pulled into flexion. Simultaneously, the DIP joint is pulled into hyperextension by the intact terminal tendon, which inserts onto the base of the distal phalanx.
In the early stages of Boutonniere's deformity, non-surgical treatments such as splinting and hand therapy may be effective. However, if the deformity is severe or fails to respond to conservative management, surgical intervention may be necessary to repair or reconstruct the damaged tendons and restore normal alignment and function to the finger."
